Kev nqis peev hauv cov khoom siv straw ntau dua li tus nqi yuav khoom. Tus lej ntau dua yog pes tsawg xyoo - thiab pes tsawg meters ntawm straw raj - lub tshuab yuav ntseeg tau ua ntej nws cov khoom tso tawm tsis zoo lossis tus nqi ntawm kev ua kom nws khiav dhau tus nqi hloov. Tus lej ntawd tsis raug kho: nws nyob ntawm lub tshuab tsim kom zoo, kev siv zog ua haujlwm, kev saib xyuas kev qhuab qhia, thiab cov tshuaj ib puag ncig ntawm cov nplaum thiab daim ntawv plua plav lub tshuab ua haujlwm txhua hnub. Kab lus no ua haujlwm los ntawm cov khoom siv engineering uas txiav txim siab txog kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm aDaim Ntawv Haus Straw Ua Tshuab, hom kev ua tsis tiav uas txiav lub neej luv luv, kev saib xyuas cov kev coj ua uas txuas ntxiv mus, thiab cov txheej txheem kev txiav txim siab kom paub txog thaum hloov pauv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua.
1. Qhov "Lifespan" Tiag tiag txhais tau li cas rau pawg tshuab no
Kev lag luam machinery lifespan yog pab tau disaggregated rau hauv peb lub ntsiab lus txawv:
Mechanical tsim lub neej- lub sijhawm ntawm cov qauv tsim, castings, thiab cov khoom siv tsav tsheb yog tsim los kom muaj sia nyob yam tsis muaj kev qaug zog tsis ua haujlwm raws li kev ntsuas load.
Cov khoom hloov lub neej- lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm qhov tsim nyog hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv lossis siab -cov khoom siv (cov kabmob, mandrels, txiav hniav, nro rollers, siv tawv).
Economic kev pab lub neej- lub sij hawm uas tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab (tus nqi khiav hauj lwm + kev tu + kev poob qis) tseem qis dua tus nqi txhua xyoo ntawm ib chav hloov.
Rau ibDaim Ntawv Haus Straw Ua Tshuabnyob rau hauv tas li ob- hloov ntau lawm (kwv yees li 6,000–7,000 teev ua haujlwm hauv ib xyoos), cov neeg kho tshuab tsim lub neej rau lub qhov dej zoo- ua tshuab yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv 10-15 xyoo. Lub sijhawm hloov cov khoom siv yog ntsuas hauv lub hlis mus rau ob peb xyoos, nyob ntawm qhov. Kev pabcuam nyiaj txiag lub neej tuaj yeem luv dua lossis ntev dua li kev tsim kho tshuab lub neej nyob ntawm seb lub tshuab hloov pauv li cas thiab lub tshuab OEE (Txhua Yam Khoom Siv Tau Zoo) nkhaus zoo li hauv nws cov xyoo tom qab.
2. Qhov siab tshaj plaws - Hnav Cheebtsam thiab lawv cov sijhawm xav tau
Nkag siab txog lub tshuab lub neej pib nrog nws cov khoom siv hloov pauv ntau zaus.
2.1 Lub Winding Mandrel
Lub mandrel yog steel los yog hardened - chrome pas nrig nyob ib ncig ntawm uas daim ntawv sawb yog txuas mus ntxiv kauv - qhov txhab los ua lub straw raj. Nws nto tau ntsib kev sib cuag tsis tu ncua los ntawm cov ntawv fiber ntau thiab cov nplaum nplaum qhuav. Raws li kev khiav hauj lwm ib txwm ua - raj sab nraud diameters nyob rau hauv 6-12 mm ntau, daim ntawv strip ceev ntawm 50–100 m / min - nto hnav tus nqi tsim ntsuas txoj kab uas hla yuav txo tau cov raj phab ntsa concentricity. Cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau npaj hloov mandrel lossis rov- sib tsoo ntawm 6-18 lub hlis, nyob ntawm daim ntawv abrasivity thiab seb daim ntawv cov khoom muaj calcium carbonate muab tub lim (uas ua kom lub mandrel hnav).
2.2 Rolling Element Bearings (ISO 281 Framework)
Bearings nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab tsav ncej, nro cov menyuam cov rooj sib txoos, thiab qhov chaw nres tsheb yog cov feem ntau analytically xav tau hnav cov khoom. Tus txheej txheem ISO 281 txhais L10 lub neej - tus naj npawb ntawm cov sijhawm ua haujlwm uas 10% ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev pabcuam yuav tau ntsib kev qaug zog spalling raws li kev teev tseg thiab ceev cov xwm txheej. Rau qhov nruab nrab qhov nrawm nrawm (100–500 RPM) ib yam ntawm cov ntawv straw winding tshuab, xaiv kom raug sib sib zog nqus-groove pob bearings lossis cylindrical roller bearings tuaj yeem ua tiav L10 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 20,000–50,000 teev raws li kev tsim- ntsuas loads.
Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, qhov tseeb bearing lub neej nyob rau hauv ib tug straw tshuab yog feem ntau tswj tsis tau los ntawm kev sib cuag qaug zog tab sis los ntawmkev ua tsis tiav ntawm kev sib kis- ntawv hmoov av thiab nplaum aerosol ingressing bearing seals. ISO 11171 thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj los ntawm cov zaub mov- kev saib xyuas cov tshuab ua haujlwm ob leeg qhia tias kev sib kis ntawm plua plav tuaj yeem txo qhov kev coj tus kheej mus rau 30-50% ntawm cov ntawv teev npe L10 qhov tseem ceeb thaum tsis muaj daim di ncauj zoo- foob lossis labyrinth- kev tiv thaiv foob. Ib lub tshuab zoo- tshwj xeeb siv cov kabmob kaw lossis tiv thaiv nrog lub sijhawm rov ua haujlwm ntawm 500-1,000 teev; lub tshuab uas tsis muaj kev sib khi tsis zoo yuav xav tau kev hloov pauv txhua txhua 6-12 lub hlis es tsis yog txhua txhua 3-5 xyoos.
2.3 Txiav hniav
Flying- cov chav txiav tawm siv ob qho tib si rotary disk hniav lossis oscillating guillotine hniav los txiav cov raj txuas ntxiv ntawm straw ntev. Hniav geometry ncaj qha tswj kev txiav- qhov kawg zoo - cov hniav hnav ua rau compressed los yog frayed tube xaus uas tsis kuaj xyuas kom zoo nkauj. Rau ib qho - txheej kraft daim ntawv straw (60–120 gsm, 3-5 txheej), cov hniav ntse feem ntau degrades mus rau kev txiav tsis zoo nyob rau hauv 4-8 lub lis piam ntawm ob- ua haujlwm ua haujlwm, ua cov hniav sib hloov lossis hloov cov khoom tu txhua hli es tsis yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub neej.
2.4 Tswb Rollers thiab tsim cov lus qhia
Polyurethane-coated los yog roj hmab- lub tes tsho tensioners tuav daim ntawv strip nro thaum winding. Lub hnub nyoog ntawm kev sib cuag los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj nplaum nplaum (dej-raws li hmoov txhuv nplej siab los yog PVOH adhesives muaj pH 4-8), mechanical compression fatigue, thiab thermal cycling los ntawm ntu ziab. Elastomer deg hardness nce (Shore A drift ntawm 5–15 cov ntsiab lus) qhia hnub nyoog - cuam tshuam txog kev tuav tsis sib xws. Kev hloov cov menyuam feem ntau yog qhov tsim nyog txhua 2-4 xyoos nyob ntawm qhov nplaum chemistry aggressiveness thiab ua haujlwm kub.
3. Yuav ua li cas cov kev khiav hauj lwm ceev los yog Retard Aging
Peb qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm lub tshuab lub neej:
Adhesive hom thiab daim ntawv thov sib xws.Dej-raws li zaub mov-cov nplaum nplaum - dextrin, hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, PVOH - yog cov tshuaj me me tab sis lawv cov aerosol thiab cov khib nyiab pov tseg tsim ib qho corrosive microenvironment ntawm uncoated me me steel nto ze ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb gluing. Cov cav tov nrog stainless hlau los yog epoxy-coated tiv tauj- cheeb tsam Cheebtsam (raws li EHEDG tu cev tsim qauv thiab ISO 14159 kev cai huv si rau machinery) muaj hnub nyoog qeeb qeeb hauv cheeb tsam no dua li cov cav tov nrog liab qab - steel siv. Rust pitting nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb gluing yog ib tug classic ntxov ntxov ntxov{10}}lub neej- kawg tsis ua hauj lwm hom.
Daim ntawv noo noo thiab plua plav.ISO 186 qhia txog tus qauv qauv thiab ntsuas dej raws li kev cai rau daim ntawv; straw- qib kraft ntawv feem ntau yog txias rau 4-8% noo noo. Daim ntawv ua tiav ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov ntau yam no (lossis nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntub dej) hloov cov dej noo ntxiv rau mandrel thiab winding qhia qhov chaw, ua kom corrosion. Daim ntawv hmoov av - sib tov ntawm cellulose nplua thiab ntxhia muab tub lim - yog heev abrasive thiab hluav taws xob insulating, ua rau nws muaj teeb meem rau txhua yam hnav thiab rau hluav taws xob txee Cheebtsam (tsav inverters, PLC I/O phaib) uas yuav tsum tau huv si - huab cua ib puag ncig.
Kev khiav hauj lwm hloov siv zog.Lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ntsuas nrawm rau peb qhov kev hloov pauv hauv ib hnub sau cov sijhawm ua haujlwm kwv yees li 50% sai dua li ob- ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. Txij li feem ntau cov txheej txheem hnav yog lub voj voog- suav-tsav ntau dua li daim ntawv qhia hnub- tsav, peb- hloov ntau lawm compresses lub tshuab lub neej raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub. Lub tshuab uas muaj 10- xyoo tsim lub neej nyob rau hauv ob- kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm yuav ncav cuag tib lub tshuab tshuab hauv 6-7 xyoo nyob rau hauv peb-hloov siv.
4. Txoj Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Uas Ntsuas Ua Tau Ntev Ntev
Kev tiv thaiv kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm rau cov cuab yeej siv hauv chav kawm no feem ntau ua raws li cov qauv ntu ntu. Raws li kev tshaj tawm cov lus qhia los ntawm pulp- thiab- cov ntaub ntawv kho tshuab cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem kev tswj xyuas cov cuab yeej siv dav dav (SMRP Cov Kev Ntsuas Zoo Tshaj Plaws, IEC 60300-3-14 ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kev vam khom):
| Lub sijhawm | Cov Haujlwm tseem ceeb |
|---|---|
| Txhua hnub | Kev soj ntsuam pom ntawm daim ntawv thov kev sib xws; txiav- kawg kev kuaj xyuas; bearing kub qhov chaw- xyuas los ntawm tus pas ntsuas kub tiv tauj; hniav ntug mob |
| Txhua lub lim tiam | Mandrel nto tshuaj xyuas rau hnav grooves; tension roller nto mob; nplaum lub twj tso kua mis lim huv; tsav txoj siv tension check |
| Txhua hli | Hniav hloov lossis tig; puv bearing re-lubrication ntawm tag nrho cov roj cov ntsiab lus; qhia kev tu channel; hluav taws xob txee cua lim hloov |
| Peb lub hlis twg | Mandrel txoj kab uas hla ntsuas thiab concentricity check; cov menyuam hardness check (durometer); alignment check ntawm winding angle guides; servo tsav parameter backup |
| Txhua xyoo | Tag nrho cov kabmob hloov hauv siab -load txoj haujlwm; mandrel re- grind lossis hloov; tsav saw los yog siv sij hawm hloov; tag nrho cov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev kuaj; tshuab ncej alignment verification |
Cov neeg khiav dej num uas ua raws li lub sijhawm teem tseg qhia tias aDaim Ntawv Haus Straw Ua Tshuabua tiav nws lub neej tsim qab nthab ntawm 12-15 xyoo yam tsis tas yuav tsum tau hloov cov txheej txheem loj. Cov neeg ua haujlwm reactively - hloov tsuas yog tsis ua hauj lwm - feem ntau ntsib thawj qhov teeb meem loj downtime ntawm 4-6 xyoo thiab ntsib cascading tivthaiv tsis ua hauj lwm raws li cov khoom hnav tsoos loads txawv txav ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib sab.
5. Qhov Nruab Nrab -Kev Txiav Txim Lub Neej
Nyob ib ncig ntawm 7-10 xyoo cim, feem ntau kev teeb tsa hauv pawg no ncav cuag qhov cuam tshuam. Cov kabmob hnyav hnyav, mandrel degradation, thiab kev tswj tsis tau (PLC cov kev pabcuam thiab servo tsav los ntawm kaum xyoo dhau los yuav tsis muaj cov khoom seem ntawm cov khoom siv) sib txuas. Nyob rau theem no, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntsib txoj kev xaiv xaiv:
Kev xaiv A: Kev hloov kho loj.Hloov tag nrho cov bearings, mandrel, rollers, blades, coj coj, thiab tswj qhov system. Tus nqi feem ntau yog 25-45% ntawm lub tshuab tshiab tus nqi yuav khoom. Qhov no rov qab lub tshuab kom ze rau - tsim kev ua tau zoo thiab txuas lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm 5-8 xyoo.
Kev xaiv B: Hloov.Lub tshuab tshiab suav nrog kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis uas tsis muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev yuav khoom qub - cov zis nrawm dua (qee qhov tam sim no- tiam siab- nrawm nrawm mus txog 100-120 m/min piv rau 50-70 m/min los ntawm kaum xyoo dhau los), txhim kho servo kev sib koom ua ke, zoo dua cov nplaum hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ib qho kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua, thiab feem ntau qis dua qhov kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dua.
Qhov kev xaiv muaj txiaj ntsig yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib piv cov nqi sib npaug ntawm ib chav tsev ntawm cov khoom siv straw hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej. Yog hais tias lub tshuab overhauled ntau lawm tus nqi thiab OEE tsis tuaj yeem phim lub tsev tshiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam, kev hloov pauv tau txais nyiaj txiag ncaj ncees txawm tias ua ntej lub tshuab ua haujlwm tas mus li. IAS 16 (International Accounting Standard for Property, Plant and Equipment) muab cov txheej txheem nyiaj txiag rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no - nws txhais tau lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig raws li lub sijhawm uas cov khoom vaj khoom tsev xav kom siv tau nyiaj txiag, uas tsis tas yuav cuam tshuam nrog nws lub cev lub neej.
6. Qhia tias lub tshuab tau ze rau qhov kawg ntawm kev lag luam lub neej
Tshaj li lub hnub nyoog yooj yim, cov tsos mob ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb qhia tias cov khoom siv tau ze rau nws txoj kev lag luam kawg - ntawm - lub neej:
Nce txiav- kawg tsis lees paub tus nqitxawm hais tias tsis tu ncua hniav hloov - qhia mandrel runout los yog coj channel hnav tshaj li rov qab tau
Adhesive daim ntawv thov inconsistencyua rau delamination defects - qhia tau hais tias lub twj tso kua mis hnav lossis valve foob deterioration uas tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj los ntawm kev hloov pauv
Tsav kub ncentawm qhov ntsuas ceev - qhia tias cov kabmob preload poob lossis kev sib txhuam sab hauv nce los ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws
Unplanned downtime zaus tshaj 5% ntawm lub sij hawm ntau lawm- ib qho kev qhia dav dav (SMRP Metric 2.1.1) saum toj no uas cov nqi kho mob feem ntau tshaj qhov kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam txuas ntxiv
Tswj qhov system spare qhov tsis muaj- Cov ntawv qub qub PLC thiab HMI vaj huam sib luag los ntawm cov tshuab uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 12-15 xyoos yuav tsis raug tsim tawm lawm, ua rau ib qho hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm ib qho kev tshwm sim zoo
7. Cov ntsiab lus
Ib qhov dej- khaws ciaDaim Ntawv Haus Straw Ua Tshuabnyob rau nruab nrab- kev pabcuam kev siv zog tuaj yeem ua tiav 12-15 xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsim tau. Cov yam ntxwv txwv tsis yog lub tshuab thav duab lossis castings - uas feem ntau dhau -engineered rau lawv cov loads - tab sis cov consumable thiab semi-consumable components: bearings, mandrels, rollers, blades, and adhesive system seals. Plua plav paug, nplaum residue corrosion, thiab kev tswj qhov system obsolescence yog peb txoj kev tsis ua haujlwm uas feem ntau ntseeg tau txiav lub neej luv ua ntej lub neej tsim qauv. Tus neeg teb xov tooj uas tswj xyuas lub sijhawm tswj xyuas kev tiv thaiv, qhia cov tshuab nrog kev sib khi kom zoo tiv thaiv daim ntawv plua plav nkag, thiab npaj ib nrab ntawm - kev tswj hwm lub neej hloov kho nyob ib puag ncig xyoo 8-10 yuav ua tiav qhov kawg ntawm lub neej ntev.
Cov ntaub ntawv
ISO.TS EN ISO 281: 2007 - Rolling Bearings: Dynamic Load Ratings thiab Rating Life. International Organization for Standardisation.
ISO.ISO 11171:2020 - Hydraulic Fluid Power: Calibration ntawm Tsis Siv Neeg Particle Counters rau Cov Kua Dej(Cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev faib cov paug paug muaj feem xyuam rau kev ntsuas ib puag ncig).
ISO.ISO 186:2002 - Daim ntawv thiab lub rooj tsavxwm: Kev ntsuas los txiav txim siab qhov nruab nrab. International Organization for Standardisation.
ISO.ISO 14159:2002 - Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm Machinery: Kev Tu Kom Huv Huv rau Kev Tsim Machinery. International Organization for Standardisation.
EHEDG.EHEDG Doc. 8: Cov khoom siv tu cev tsim qauv, 2nd ib. European Hygienic Engineering thiab Design Group.
IEC.IEC 60300-3-14: 2004 - Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Cia Siab: Kev Pabcuam thiab Kev Pabcuam. International Electrotechnical Commission.
SMRP.SMRP Cov Kev Ntsuas Zoo Tshaj Plaws, 5th ib. Society for Maintenance and Reliability Professionals (Metric 2.1.1: Maintenance Cost as a Percentage of Replacement Asset Value).
IAB.IAS 16 - Khoom, cog thiab khoom siv. International Accounting Standards Board (lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev ntsuas tus nqi seem).
TAPPI.T 412 - Cov dej noo hauv Pulp, Ntawv thiab Paperboard. TAPPI Xovxwm, tam sim no tsab.
CEN.TS EN ISO 4287: 1998 - Cov khoom lag luam Geometrical Specifications: Nto Texture - Profile Method(muaj feem xyuam rau mandrel nto hnav ntsuas).