Daim Ntawv Straw Ua Tshuab Ua Haujlwm Li Cas?

Daim ntawv haus straw ua tshuab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev nyuaj tshaj li tshuab blotting. Tab sis nkag siab li cas a Daim Ntawv Haus Dej Sucker Ua Tshuabkev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem pab cov neeg yuav khoom thiab cov khoom qab zib engineers. Nws kuj tseem pab tau txhua tus thawj coj ua haujlwm uas xaiv cov khoom ntim khoom lag luam ruaj khov. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub tshuab txiav txim siab lub straw lub zog, cov kev cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb zaub mov thiab tus nqi ntawm txhua straw.

Vim li cas Cov Ntaus Ntaus Ntaus Tam Sim No

Kev tswj xyuas kev tsav tsheb xav tau rau cov khoom siv straw ntau lawm yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo. EU Cov Lus Qhia 2019/904 ntawm ib zaug - siv cov yas, uas tau siv rau hauv cov tswvcuab hauv lub Xya hli ntuj 2021, qhia meej meej suav nrog haus straws ntawm cov txwv ib leeg - siv cov khoom yas. Cov lus qhia tsis txwv cov ntawv hloov pauv, thiab nyob rau xyoo txij li nws tau siv, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Taiwan thiab ntau lub tebchaws Esxias sab hnub tuaj tau txais kev txwv los yog nce ntxiv (EUR-Lex, 2021).

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, daim ntawv- cov tuam txhab straw tau nthuav dav lawv txoj kev xa tawm sai sai hauv cov chaw ntim khoom ib txwm muaj thiab tsim cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov tuam txhab cov khoom lag luam uas yav dhau los tau txais cov khoom straw los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yas molding. Yog li nkag siab li cas aDaim Ntawv Haus Dej Sucker Ua Tshuabkev ua haujlwm yog kev lag luam -cov ncauj lus ntsig txog, tsis yog kev xav paub txog kev paub.

Cov khoom xyaw: Khoom noj khoom haus-Qib Brown Ntawv

Vim li cas cov cuab yeej no tseem ceeb tam sim no?

Cov kev cai tsav tsheb thov rau daim ntawv straws yog qhov tseeb. EU Cov Lus Qhia 2019/904 ntawm ib zaug - siv cov yas siv tau pib thaum Lub Xya Hli 2021. Nws txwv tsis pub haus cov quav yas. Tab sis nws tsis txwv daim ntawv. Txij li cov kev cai zoo sib xws tau muab tso rau hauv Canada, UK, Australia, Taiwan thiab thaj chaw ntawm cov teb chaws Asia (EUR-Lex, 2021).

Yog li ntawd, ntau thiab ntau lub tsev lag luam tam sim no siv cov ntawv straws. Cov chaw ua haujlwm nyob hauv qhov chaw tshiab xws li thaj chaw ntim khoom qub thiab cov tuam txhab khoom siv. Yav dhau los, cov tuam txhab yuav cov straws yas los ntawm lwm lub hoobkas. Yog li ntawd, nkag siab li cas aDaim Ntawv Haus Dej Sucker Ua Tshuabkev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam, tsis yog rau kev lom zem xwb.

Theem 1: Daim ntawv Slitting thiab daim kab xev npaj

Feem ntau cov tshuab ua ntej txiav cov niam txiv yob mus rau hauv nqaim strips tsau nyob rau hauv dav. Qhov dav ntawm daim ntawv sawb thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm kauv winding txiav txim siab lub thickness thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub raj tiav.

Peb- txheej straws yog hom feem ntau ntawm cov qauv haus straw. Lawv siv peb strips ntawm cov ntawv sib txawv ib zaug. Qhov no suav nrog cov nqaim hauv ob sab phlu, lub zog loj nruab nrab txheej txheej, nrog rau sab nrauv thiab luam tawm tsim rau cov ntim txheej. Txhua lub strips los ntawm nws tus kheej unwind bobbin thiab mus txog qhov tsim seem los ntawm kev nruj- tswj txoj kev.

Kev sib txuas ntawm sawb dav, lub kaum sab xis winding thiab lub raj zoo raws li qhov yooj yim helix geometry. Rau lub mandrel txoj kab uas hla, feem ntau yog 4 hli mus rau 8 hli, lub steeper winding lub kaum sab xis tsim ntau sib tshooj ntawm txhua qhov tig thiab cov phab ntsa tuab ntawm tib lub strip dav. Ib lub kaum sab xis thins cov phab ntsa ntawm lub raj, tab sis ntau daim ntawv xav tau rau tib qhov ntev.

Theem 2: Daim ntawv thov Adhesive

Ua ntej txhua daim ntawv strip nkag mus rau hauv kev tsim mandrel, nws dhau los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb txheej, qhov twg cov dej -raws li nplaum yog siv rau ib sab. Qhov no yog cov tshuaj rhiab tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem, raws li cov nplaum yuav tsum txaus siab rau ob qho kev xav tau. Nws yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev sib cuag zaub mov, thiab nws yuav tsum muaj lub zog sib txuas kom txaus los tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais thaum cov straws siv cov dej kub los yog txias.

Cov raj ntawv ib txwm siv polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) lossis hmoov txhuv nplej siab -raws li nplaum. Rau cov ntawv haus straws, nplaum kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lawv lub zog ntub dej. Lub zog ntub dej yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm straws los tiv thaiv softening thiab poob ntawm cov duab nyob rau hauv ntev kev sib cuag nrog kua. Qee cov tuam txhab siv polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin lossis fluoropolymer txheej los txhim kho lub zog ntub dej, tab sis qhov no tau ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tshawb fawb.

Hauv kev tshawb fawb luam tawm hauvChemosphereHauv 2021, Groffen et al. kuaj 43 straw cov khoom, suav nrog 29 hom ntawv straw, thiab pom cov tshuaj perfluoroalkyl (PFAS) hauv cov qauv ntawv straw feem ntau. PFAS yog txiv neej-cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem nyob hauv ib puag ncig ntev thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, PFAS tuaj ntawm fluorinated ntub dej -lub zog ntxiv los yog cov tshuaj fluorinated nto siv hauv cov ntawv tsim khoom. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov ntawv straws tsis tuaj yeem muaj kev nyab xeeb dua los ntawm kev pom kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov yas tshwj tsis yog tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov nplaum tau ua tib zoo kuaj thiab pom zoo. Ntau lub tuam txhab txhim khu kev qha tam sim no siv PFAS{10}} cov nplaum dawb thiab xav kom cov neeg xa khoom paub meej tias tsis muaj cov tshuaj fluorinated siv rau hauv cov khoom siv raw.

Cov kua nplaum feem ntau siv rau cov menyuam yaus los yog cov kab pwm slotted. Lub tshuab tswj lub thickness thiab viscosity ntawm cov nplaum, tso cai rau nws kis tau ib tug nyias txheej tusyees nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov sawb dav yam tsis muaj leaking ntau kua nplaum los ntawm cov kauv overlap npoo thaum lub sij hawm tsim.

Kauj Ruam 3: Kauv Winding ntawm Kev Tsim Mandrels

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Daim Ntawv Haus Straw Ua Tshuab yog qhov chaw muab kauv winding. Nyob rau hauv seem no, cov nplaum -coated ntawv strips raug mob nyob rau hauv ib tug kauv nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug ruaj stainless hlau tsim mandrel. Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla ntawm mandrel txiav txim lub puab txoj kab uas hla ntawm straw. Lub siab kam rau ua ntawm lub mandrel yog ± 0.05 hli, yog li qhov loj ntawm straw qhov tseem zoo ib yam.

Lub tshuab winding siv ob peb txoj hauv kev uas muab tso rau ntawm lub voj voog ruaj khov nyob ib ncig ntawm lub mandrel. Thaum cov nplaum nplaum -coated daim kab xev txav mus rau pem hauv ntej, cov menyuam nias nws ib kauj ruam mus rau lub mandrel thiab txheej sab saud. Cov txheej txheem no tsim cov spirals thiab khi ua ke cov txheej ntawm daim ntawv. Lub siab los ntawm cov menyuam kuj thawb cov nplaum rau hauv cov ntawv fibers, ua rau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ua ke kom nruj.

Lub mandrel tsis tig. Lub raj xa ntawv txav mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub mandrel thaum daim ntawv tshiab txuas ntxiv qhwv ncig sab nraub qaum. Qhov kev txav mus tas li no ua rau lub tshuab ua haujlwm. Lub raj tiav lawm tawm qhov kawg ntawm lub mandrel thiab nkag mus rau hauv ntu txiav.

Winding ceev yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv nruam raj meters ib feeb. Kev lag luam tshuab feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 60-150 m / min. Qhov kawg tawm los ntawm straws nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm qhov txiav. Piv txwv li, yog tias lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 100 m / min thiab txiav straws ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 210 mm, lub tshuab tuaj yeem tsim tau txog 476 straws ib feeb ua ntej suav txiav txiav thiab cov khoom tsis lees paub.

Kauj Ruam 4: Qhuav thiab Adhesive Curing

Kauv daim ntawv raj tawm ntawm lub mandrel tom qab tsim thiab dhau los ntawm qhov ziab kom qhuav. Tunnels siv tau infrared (IR) cua sov los yog sov - cua convection system. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov nplaum nplaum thiab tshem tawm cov dej noo ntau dhau ntawm cov dej -raws li cov nplaum ua ntej lub raj nkag mus rau hauv ntu txiav.

Yog tias cov nplaum tsis khov ua ntej txiav, ob qho teeb meem tshwm sim. Ib qho teeb meem yog delamination ntawm ntug txiav, qhov twg txiav quab yuam cais cov ntawv ntub dej. Lwm qhov teeb meem yog txheej sib cais ntawm cov straws thaum lawv nyob hauv cov dej haus ntev ntev.

Rau siab - tshuab ceev, qhov ntev thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov ziab ziab yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub qis dhau los yog lub sijhawm cua sov luv dhau, cov nplaum yuav tsis khov kom zoo. Yog tias cov cua kub kub siab dhau los yog lub sijhawm cua sov ntev dhau lawm, cov ntawv fibers yuav raug puas ntsoog thiab cov straw tiav lawm yuav poob nws lub zog.

Theem 5: Servo-Txoj kev txiav

Cov ntawv txuas txuas ntxiv los ntawm lub qhov ziab ziab yuav tsum tau txiav rau hauv ib qho straws nrog siab precision. Cov tshuab niaj hnub siv lub servo- taug qab ya cutter hauv ntu txiav. Lub tshuab txiav txav nrog lub raj ntawm tib lub nrawm thaum lub sijhawm txiav. Tom qab txiav, cov hniav txav mus rau qhov chaw pib ntawm lub voj voog tom ntej. Txoj kev no tso cai rau lub tshuab txiav kom huv si thiab nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab ncaj nraim tsis txwv lub raj txav.

Txiav ntev yog tswj los ntawm PLC (programmable logic controller), uas tswj txhua lub tshuab txav. Raws li PLC tswj, tus neeg teb xov tooj tuaj yeem hloov qhov ntev ntawm cov quav cab los ntawm kev kho software teeb tsa. Tsis tas yuav hloov cov khoom siv kho tshuab lossis cov cams. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, lub qhov dej zoo- khaws cia servo txiav feem ntau ua kom raug txiav tsis pub dhau ± 0.5 hli.

Tom qab txiav, lub tshuab conveyor sau cov straws tiav thiab xa mus rau cov suav, khi thiab ntim cov seem. Sensors nyob rau theem no tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas seb qhov ntev thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov quav cab tsis raug lossis puas muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Cov straws puas raug muab tshem tawm ua ntej ntim khoom zaum kawg.

Theem 6: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Noj

Ib Daim Ntawv Haus Straw Ua Tshuab ua haujlwm hauv lub Hoobkas ntim khoom noj. Nws tsis ua haujlwm ib leeg. Nws yuav tsum ua haujlwm raws li kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb khoom noj. ISO 22000: 2018 muab cov kev cai yooj yim thiab yam yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tsom xam phom sij rau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom noj khoom haus xws li cov ntawv straws (ISO, 2018).

Hauv kev xyaum, qhov no txhais tau tias:

Txhua qhov chaw uas tiv tauj daim ntawv strips yog ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel lossis khoom noj khoom haus -cov yas zoo.

Lubricants rau cov khoom siv tshuab nyob ze ntawm txoj kev ntawv yog zaub mov-qib thiab ua tau raws li NSF/ANSI 61 H1 cov qauv lossis cov qauv zoo sib xws.

Kev tu cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov av thiab cov seem uas tsis muaj corroding stainless hlau qhov chaw, cuam tshuam rau yav tom ntej ntau lawm.

Traceability cov ntaub ntawv txuas ua tiav straw batch rau cov ntawv yob batch naj npawb thiab cov nplaum batch codes.

Kev kuaj lub cev ntawm cov ntawv tiav lawm feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev tsim los ntawm Gutiérrez li al. (BioResources Institute, NC State University, 2019). Txoj kev tshawb no tau sim qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntawv straws hauv qab haus dej haus. Kev ntsuam xyuas suav nrog compression tsis kam, tensile lub zog ntawm kev txiav kawg thiab ntev soaking hauv cov kua.

Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias daim ntawv straws tuaj yeem tuav lawv lub zog ib txwm nyob hauv dej txias li 60 feeb. Hauv cov dej qab zib kub thiab dej qab zib, straws tsis muaj zog sai. Cov txiaj ntsig no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev teeb tsa lub tshuab. Cov tuam txhab uas tsim cov straws rau cafés los yog dej haus kub feem ntau xaiv rau cov ntawv tuab thiab ntau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Cov tuam txhab uas ua dej txias straws feem ntau siv cov ntawv sau qis dua thiab tsawg dua cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg.

Environmental Context: Qhov Tseeb Txoj Haujlwm ntawm Ntawv Straws

Cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig ntawm cov ntawv straws thiab cov tshuab ua rau lawv tsis yooj yim. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb txog lub neej voj voog (LCA) (MDPI, 2021) piv cov ntawv straws, PLA yas straws thiab cov yas straws. Cov ntawv straws decompose yooj yim dua hauv dej hiav txwv, tab sis lawv cov khoom siv ntau zog, txoj kev tshawb fawb pom. Qhov no yog vim tias daim ntawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab qhuav nrog lub zog hydro. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb 2023 hauv phau ntawv journalCleaner Ntau Lawmpom tib yam. Daim ntawv straws 'kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig yuav raug txo lossis nce ntxiv, yog li "zoo dua" tsis tuaj yeem hais dav dav.

Cov kev tshawb fawb kuj tau pom tias daim ntawv straws decompose nyob rau hauv industrial compost. Qhov no feem ntau siv sijhawm li ntawm 60 txog 90 hnub raws li cov txheej txheem xws li EN 13432 lossis ASTM D6400. Lawv tsis nyob hauv hiav txwv zoo li cov straws yas.

Summary : Yim Hli Ntuj, Ib Nruam Txheej Txheem

Cov txheej txheem ua tiav ntawm Daim Ntawv Haus Straw Ua Tshuab tau muab faib ua yim theem ua ke:

Txhua theem yog tswj los ntawm PLC. Nws ties ntawv pub ceev, kua nplaum npaum li cas, winding ceev, ziab kub, txiav lub sij hawm raws li ib tug system rau kev twb kev txuas thiab tswj.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog qhov system. Nws pab cov neeg ua haujlwm khiav lag luam ntawm ib txwm ceev thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Nws kuj tseem pab cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb nrhiav cov teeb meem ntxov, xws li kub -vim kev hloov pauv ntawm daim ntawv nruj, cov kua nplaum tuab, cov hniav hnav thiab lwm yam, ua ntej lawv cuam tshuam cov khoom zoo.

Cov ntaub ntawv

1. European Commission. (2021). * Cov Lus Qhia (EU) 2019/904 ntawm kev txo cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm qee yam yas *. EUR-Lex.
2. US Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. (2024). *21 CFR § 176.170 - Cheebtsam ntawm cov ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog aqueous thiab fatty zaub mov *. eCFR.
3. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). (2024). * Cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj rau khoom noj: Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem (EC) No. 1935/2004*. Parma: EFSA.
4. Groffen, T. et al. (2021). Cov straw kawg: cov khoom ntawm perfluoroalkyl thiab polyfluoroalkyl tshuaj nyob rau hauv haus straws ua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag coj mus muag.Chemosphere.
5. Gutiérrez, TJ et al. (2019). Kev soj ntsuam ntawm daim ntawv thiab yas straws: cov yam ntxwv thiab cov kev sib tw.BioResources, 14(4), 
6. International Organization for Standardization. (2018). *ISO 22000:2018 - Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Noj: Cov Kev Xav Tau rau Txhua Lub Koom Haum hauv Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Noj *. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.
7. Vo, TTQ et al. (2021). Ib qho kev kawm sib piv ntawm bioplastics thiab ntawv straws kev ntsuas lub neej.Cov txheej txheem, 9(6), 1007. MDPI.
8. ScienceDirect. (2023). Multidimensional environmental impact assessment of plastic straw substitutes.Phau ntawv Journal of Cleaner Production, ntawm ScienceDirect.
9. Hydraulic stability, mechanical elasticity thiab biodegradation ntawm ntawv straws. (2024).Carbohydrate Polymers, ScienceDirect.
10. NSF International / ANSI. (2022). *NSF/ANSI 61: Cov Khoom Siv Dej Haus Dej Cov Khoom Siv -- Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv*. Ann Arbor, MI: NWS. (Siv rau cov khoom noj-qib roj nplua nyeem H1 kev faib ua haujlwm)
11. ASTM International. (2019).ASTM D6400: Txuj Specification rau Labeling ntawm Plastics Tsim los ua Aerobically Composted hauv Municipal lossis Industrial Facilities. West Conshocken, PA: ASTM.